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wscaWK OaID
 ,cseneg cawtugcawh InWscnia iaWaIswrckomiD uDob cSwaejcaWrihevid
Wrukctwkcawswm cSwmuawnegcmOfir cSokuhWlcsia cmWzin IsWyis egEjcaWr
WrukcTOpws cSokudIaWt cnunwtimcnwtea egEyinud ,cSwkwtctWrwf
cniawsuh csWyclia Wviawgumwk caeTcsimOfir egEjcaWr ,cSwkwtctWrwf
Inwvim iawfidOh uaivrwTcniaim !uaivrwTcnia wscaWK ivcaed cmIhWrcbia
.eveawTcauh iawguSwd egumuleb egcniawfis WnEa .evencnurcais cSwrwv
.eveawfiverukurcais iawkwTcSwtwmWlws ,Inwv ctWrwf irukctwkcawswmim
WkwtumIT ikeaikea ,ukeaWhWyclia InwviawfIdeviretIhea iawgumwkim
cniaeret egcniawfis ivedcaeh eyil cSokcTOn cawtwkwhWvikcaed cSokulwdcawb
Wkwtudufwvikea cnitwmurwhwfikea csWyclia .evekwtctWrwf caeawb
iawgIm csevcawtcnuvulwdcawb IliaWa .evekwtwkwhWvikcaed cSokulwdcawb
.eveaenemih
cliawf cfeaIDIp cSwmurukuTcnirup

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eveaOtcnwnWfwvcaed caefurWawt wDuk :s

Wdwaim csiawaejcaWr ,uhwfcSwmuv cTEacjercg urwhwa wnwv 1984 :j
egEa cawtugcawh InWscnia iaWaIswrckomiD uDob cSwaejcaWr ,csevcSwawmwh
,cSwmWzin IsWyis egEjcaWr ,cSokufwrWawt iawgutog wmwhirufemcnea
ELuairidcnuhIm iawgEjcaWr cSwmuawneg cawtuhWlcsia Ehejcnwncneg cnugorim
iawgukwturutwd Wviawfiveruk cnitwmurwhwfikea cSwkwSwr Whiruh
csevcaea enEbitun cniheTcawr .eveaenWviawfiveruk caekwtctwkcawswm
emcnea cnegiSef cnurwvcnef cnirev .eveaenWdivenub EaenWncnOn caeSwr
egcaerwtcawv Whiruh .evencniheTcawr ctWg irevukea csevIkwncnuhIm egiawdWa
.eveaenWvibOl cSwrwv csevcnuhImea evcnehea .eveaenEveked csevcaeawkwhWv
IhWlcsia Ikwncnihevid .eveaenWrukcTOpws idwa .eveaenWrukudIaWt
cn 1984 .everwvwSwk cnwkcaeawbWrukibOl csevudwbwa cSwmuhea cawtwkwhWv
8 .eveSwtwluawd ihevid Inwdcnegim cnumwrukctwmudiK uDnwguLwa cnegiSef
cscloTea cfoa IrcTcsinim uhwvud wnwv 2004 cTcswgOa
iawgcscloTea ,udImwh Qudubwa urIzwv egIrcTcsinimea cnuTcnwmcpoleviD
,WmIten iawfivEr caetwkcawswm csevcaea enWruk csWyclia urWhim
idea cnuvcaed csiTOn cnuhIfoa egWycairUhcmujclusIawr cSwaWnEa
cnitwm egumudea egIrcTcsinim cscloTea ,Inwv cnuhIfoaea cnumuvcauyil
csWyclia iawgIrcTcsinimea ,uhwvudcawtWhIvim .eveawfWvcaed csiTOn
eguhIlijwm wscaWK egcnutiycawr cswnehea .eveTcauh ctwkcawswm enWruk
ivWmid udemWmuncsiv IsWswa unUnWg ,uhwvudctoa Wsclwj wmwtwruf
iawgutog egcaemwkireviLur ItWz cawtcnwkim ,cnegiLug iaWkwmuvutWfwt ulWyiK
ulWyiK egumuncsiv caekwtWdcaWm egIsWswa unUnWg .eveaIvcaeruk
ivencnia iawgWsclwj wmwtwruf egcsilijwm wscaWK cnegiLug WmuvutWfwt
cSwmwkcaemwk WvuFwrWawt WnUnWg ,IkwLwvwyif ivcauLea csIawr Itugwv
egcnutiycawr Idcaev cSwTOk uDnwguLwa ItWviawfincsiv cSwDnwguLwa
WdImwh Qudubwa uzWnIm urEvcneh .evekeawlwscawm egcsIawr eguhIlijwm
caemwkireviLur .eveten caeawlwscawm csevcaea iawgEretEd WDnwguLwa
caemwkItWz cnegiLug iaWkwmwk wdwfim .eveaenWvuncnegevoa caemwkItWz
csevcnemcnea cnwkclibWgWn egWLufEbea Iaea ,wmwnifiawvwvcaWb
.eveaenWrukulUbwg

,cSwlwj UdinUd uDnwguLwa ,urwhwfcswf cSwawmwhWdwaim cnumIjer egumwkirev
1984 cSwrutia egurwhwfcswfim .eveaeviawfcSokurwycawh WlcSwaiLogwDuk
,cSokuriFWh cSwscnefiD cfoa IrcTcsinim cnehWnwtiawa ejcaWr iawg
uDnwguLwa ,ukinwm cmIhWrcbia Wfwtcsia iaWrWtcawscaudubwa Irwbcnwa
iawgukwtWlcawjwm ikeaikea egcnidukWvwyik iawgurwv cswvudiveyik
.evenidurWzcnia cSokulWvus cnutogELug iaWkwtunUmczwm iruhiawfeyil
.eveaevuLWdiv cSwmwkiruh iawfiheb iaWtwsWyis egEjcaWr iawgukwtunUmczwmea
.eveawyid cnegimin cawtcnwkim cnukwmulWkcawdurib csogcnegun cSwlwj

rwTcsinim cscnefiD egurEa :cnuaidcneg cSwlwj UdinUd wmwtwruf -1
cnukWm ivencnuh cSwkwyirevcsia eg ID.iawa.IP.cfea iaWmIhWrcbia csWyclia
eg ID.iawa.IP.cfea iawgulwj UdinUd urWtcaws ,udemed WrWtcawscaudubwa
egcniawfis ,cSokinwvwncnuh iawgILogwDuk iawgWlwscawm egutWnWyiK uDob
cawtwkwhWv Wviawfiveked cnukwlOk cnOf unubil cnegevirevudem ukwlwkEb
egumuheauDwa ELugcneg caelOr cpET cTesek WviawfiverukcDOkir
,uhwfcSwmuTcaeheb iawgILogwDuk egulwj UdinUd uhwvud 45 .eveawgWlwscawm
cmukuh cSwmulcSwlwj cSwhwvudcswm 6 csogcneg cSwTOk Iaurwx
WhIm ulcswa .eveSokWvcaeh cSwrwv Iawyid ctwaIrwxim .eveaivcaia
.evencnulUsua WlWvurwaEh cSwncnuhIm iheauDwa iawfWTcawhwb cnutwmWlws
iruh iawgILogwDuk egulwj cnegiawvwncnuh cSwrwTcsinim cscnefiD
ivekcaed cnutogELug iaWawlwscawm iruh iawfiverukudcnwb WnEa WkwyirevcSuk
ukwywbcawtea iheauDwa .eveawvcawluncSok csevulWvus udem WkwtwkwhWv
ukwywbcaenwa .eveairuk cmukuh cSwlwj cSokudcnwb iawgulwj csogcneg
.evetogiruh ufWscnia egumIjer Irihim .eveairuk cmukuh cSwmulWvurwa
uDnwgcswg ulcswa .eveaenWviawfenub iawguhIlijwm egutwaIrwx uDnwguLwa
IkwmulWvcaud uLokctwf WlcSokidukiduk WlWDnwk cawtifog iawfWTcawhwb
!eveaOtenEveleb cSwmwkufWscnia

iawgEjcaWrihevid :cnuaidcneg cSwlwj UdinUd cSwrwhwf wnwved -2
Wviawgumwk Wlcawjwm cnwvinim idwa ivurUhcxwm emcnea unuveren cSwnwtWhim
uDnwguLwa WmIvcaerukudcnwb iawgurumuawL egEa cnurWkurws ,ugcnws
unuveruk IrwTcsijwr wmwtwrufemcnea iawgEjcaWr iawgumwnim ''iritcnwm''
.evemISefcneren cnegcSokIrwTcsijwr iawgutog egWlcawjwm IsWyis
cnitwm egutog Wvctogcaea Wdiawvwg iaWnUnWg iawgIrcTcsinim cnwxEmofcnia
cnegiawfih cTuawaEl ukeaWkwkwtwdcauh Whiruh Ehejcnwgwn cSokIrwTcsijwr
csevcnumugnih cSwkwtcsercp urUhcxwm Whiruh iruh iawgElWm
.evencnurib wncnwg ekedumIjerim wmwh .eveaivun ukwhIm enEdcSokcpWC
iawgumwkiruh cawtwdcauh ,IvuLWdiv udIaws udwmcnwhum cnuTcnircp WyircpIs
Ilwa cniacsercp ITclevon .eveSwmwk enErekun cSwkEdcSokcpWC cswyiv
IvuLWdiv uhwfcSwkwsuhwb IsWyis ugid eguriaiDwg 3 cniawsuh
caeawlwscawm urutia cnumurukcpWC ,InErek cnwncnwgiawDwvirek cnEdcSokcpWC
.eveSwmwk Wmiawneg cnutWrwf EhebWmwk egurWkurws caemuyil egumwkenEhejun
cnwrukcpWC cned .eveaivun cSwkwCcaea enWrukUd cnukwhIfoa Ikwmuyil wdwfim
cniaWkcnwl iritcnwm .eveSwa WkcnwlIrcs ireTcSwvwa InuhejcnWd
Whiruh WTcawhwfih cnuTrOprwaea EluLuh cnunwtiawneg cnegcSokcpWC
1000 cnemuDnwguLwa WTrOPrwaea .eveaIruk cTEkcsifcnok caekwtudwdwa
800 Inubil cSwscnefiD cswnehea .evemIrukulWvwh IPok (csWhcaea)
caea egIritcnwm idwa .eveaIvubiawG caeawb cnumwTcswk .eveaIPok cSwkwrwv
iaWa udwmuhwa udIxwr cmwdWa EgurWvclwt .g Wviawgumwk urwTiDea
urwvcnwd ,utcauhwL .v WDnwguLwa .eveaIrukurwycawh WlcSwlwj uDnwguLwa
Wviawfeyil uDnwguLwa iawgIritcnwm Iawyidcneg cnumwrukulWvus cnegeren
cSwaeret eguKIrWt cSwtogctoaim Wlwmwh InWvudua eg 88 urwbcnevon 3''
iaWlwkiTWa Wviawfeyil iawguSwd egIKurusim ''!eveaOtInWdimin edwv
cTiawl csercgorcp InWviawfeyil iawgclwkiTWaim .evencnutogELug
Wviawgumwk caerwvwnwm uDob egWyiDcnia WTcauh iawguDnwk ImWvcgwaclwniawb
cSwTObea csog iawgurwTcPokileh idwa IlWtcawf Whwj iDwbuDob ,cnIrwvWdOg
ihevid cSwrwvwnwmea ,IlWtcawf cTOb idwa IlWscaiv caekwtcnob idukiduk
cSwrumwa egcnuhImea cnegiawbcaitiawb csogcneg cnuhImcsia egcniawfis
cTiawlcf egurwvwnwmea irukulwdcawb WDnwguLwa cnIrwvWdOg cSwmwk
uDnwguLwa ednia iawgIrwrcbiawl eguzwkurwm ImWlcsia ,ukwrEnijcnia
Wdwh cSwmwkcaeawkwhWvugod EfihunutibWs Iaim .eveSwmwk Wviawfenub iawgutWg
cSwlwj caemukuh eguhwvud cswm 6 cSwCcawm eguDnwguLwa iawgWlwscawmim
.eveaivcaia

urwhwa wnwv 1990 Iawyidcneg cSwlwj UdinUd cSwrwhwf wnwvcnit -3
cscnefiD iawgutWkwrwh IhWlcsia egIswrckomiD ignih iawgElWm
iaWmIhWrcbia csWbcawa ,cnutWrwf egcmIhWrcbia csWyclia rwTcsinim
egcsOf ibcnib ctukun cnegiawvwncnuh cSokcsia uLuf cniawsuh UdiSWk
,cnegevuDob cSwncnIret ctWkwrwh IhWlcsia cnWvuz caeawb cawtUgwdnua
,cSwtogWvun cnulcaeg cSwkWt iaWSwkwhIm iawgEret ukWp cnwTclws
cnegiawrwa caeDnwg cnWfilwa iawferuh caeDnwgcSwfuDwawdwg inwkeawmwh
ilWvcaog caemob rwmiawT irukurWycawt cnutwa ,cSwtogWviluh csog
uriaignih uLokuhwf urwhwa wnwv 1990 caemwkim .eveawgWlwscawm
cswnehea .eveawfcSokudcnwb iawgILog wDuk egulwj UdinUd Iruh uDnwguLwa
cSwmwkcaemwkignih cnegignea cSwaincnwa iaWSwDnwguLwa Ikwmwkim
egcTUf 3 cTUf 6 uriairuh iawgudcnwbim .eveaITcaeheb iawfcSokutwmuhut
csogcnehim iDib unEC ,iDib csIk ,iDib uLuhcaea WTcawhwb iawgILoguniT
.eveairuk cawtulWvus urutia .eveaikcaed ubWzwa egIDib egcaerwtcawv Whiruh
.evencnutogELug Wncnurwbcnem caeawb egurEa eguhIlijwm egcnutiycawr
WncnurwDIl wdwfim iaWa cfItwl OgOg iaWdIhwv udwmcnwhum rwTckoD
urWbutia cSwsIawr cnurwbcnem ,Ihea cSwywdwg emcnea .evencnegiawvuLug
ESWnub EaenEgnea cSwhWyclia cnwkikcaedwkwhWv cnwgwn caeTOv egumwkcten
cSwaeg iawgILogwDuk iawfWvuLwt uhwvud 45 iawgWyinwaim .evencnegiawyik
caemukuh eguhwvud urwhwa 6 Wvunof cSwTOk cnegiawTcawhwb csenegun
iawgcnWn eruhignea cawtcnwk egumob egukWp cnwTclws ,Ivcaia cSwlwj
18 .evencnuSwd egunUnWg egcmwzirwreT iawgWlwscawm irukurcais
iawgulwj ISufwmcnih ,uhwfcSwmuTcaeheb iawgUdinUd iawgILogwDuk uhwvudcswm
urwhwa 3 Irukcnwvinim uhwfcSwmuTcaeheb cswvud cswm 18 caenwa
.evencnuhwf

,cnegiLug Wrwm egcmIswn cnWvIa Iawyidcneg cSwlwj urwhwf wnwv urwtwh -4
cSwkwyirev eguDnwgcawtcnwk ignih iawgElWm iawg 2003 urwbcmeTcpes 20
cned IlcSokUd uhwfcSwmuTcaeheb uhwvud 45 .eveawgutwmuhut egumuruh
cawtulWvus iruhcnwruk cSwnwtWhim Wmwkcten caelWvus enWruk cSwrutia
utibWs cSwCcawm eguDnwguLwa Iaim .eveawfWvurukiaos Wgcnwa cSwmwkInumin
iawgElWm .eveketwmuhut ugod uDob iruk cnegiawvWr iten caekcaeh
cnwkim .eveawgElWmuLuh Iruh uDnwguLwa utugwvea uhwvud ignih cnuhejunwmwh
.evebcait csevcnikeh enWncnwd

2004 Irukudcnwb iawgILogwDuk UdinUd csogcneg cSwawnwvcswf -5
igcnih ukwywb iawgunWdiawm IrUhcmuj iawg 13 idwa 12 cTcswgOa
ivurUhcxwm iawgutog egurukuhuLwk urUhcxwm Iaim .evencnegiLug iaWkwtcnwk
cSwtogwyidcneg cniaeg uhwvud urukuh iv cTcswgOa 13 .eveDnwgcawtcnwk
9 Irukulwdwb cSwaeg cniLogwDuk .eveSwaiLogwDuk UdinUd Erea Iawyidcneg
uhwvud 89 iawgILogwDuk .eveaurIvwh uhwvud wrWgcnwa iv 2004 urwbcnevon
egEg Inwncnuhim csevidwa cSwtogiawneg cSwdcnwbEg ,uhwfcSwmuTcaeheb
Inwv wlwscawm eguDnwguLwa iawg 2004 urwbcnevon 1 .eveawgudcnwb
.eveawfWvcawrukcnWluaia Inwv cnwkiawfWvcauLwawSuh cSwTOk cSokImcswr
wnwv 6 eg (caekwt unUnWgumcnWa) 4/68 :urwbcnwn unUnWg Inuverukudcnwb
enEverukun urwycawh iaWSuk egutwvWb enWdiverukurwycawh'' iaWa WdcaWm
.evencnuSwd egWdcaWm wnwv 2 eg 1 ulwvudwj eg ''udiawvwg eguSuk egutwvWb
iawgIpok 3 cnitwm egiawdWkwdWa IrWdia egEjcaWr imin ugIguhwt eguDnwguLwa
Inwv cnubWsihim .eveauhwvud wnwv 2004 rwbOTckoa 6 Inumin cSokiaos
WluncSokUd cswnehea .eveawfimin ugIguhwt iawgcaeawfis Imcswr
wscaWK .eveSwfWliK Wdiawvwg iaWnUnWg Iruhim iawfWTcawhwb iawgudcnwb
Wdiawvwg iaWnUnWg csevInedcSokun uriFWh cSwkwtWsclwj eguhIlijwm
.eveaenEhejcnwgwn ukwhIm csevemcnok Wmcniz egukwtcnwkim .eveSwfWliK

Irukudcnwb iawgurukuhuLwk uhwvud iv IdWlIm 2004 cTcswgOa 13 :s
?eveaOtcnukWtcnok ,ctenihik ,evcaIk

cnia Is.Ib.Ib iawg 7.30 Er eguhwvud urukuh iv 2004 cTcswgOa 13 :j
.eveaIawa Wlwb uDnwguLwa cniawfis Wdcnia cnwlwb EDcT WyixEa
cawtwkwhWv egIncnwa .evetugwviSef uaivrwTcnia egincnwa Ikwtugwvea
unUnWg Inia uDnwguLwa ,edWa .eveaivwred cSwrwv WmInuhejcnWd ivelunWhwa
iawgEg wlcaimwa eguDnwguLwa Wvcnegibil cnwkiretctwmuruh cnIsWswa
.eveawgItwmiruk Iv.IT ukeaWncnidukedwDuk idwa ,ukeaWa WhImibnwa
EhWbok csWyclia edwvcSwaeg csiawa cnulwkEb 5 egcniawfis
cnegiawlevurWycawt uDnwguLwa ,cnumuvcaunub EaIvcnwvurud cSwaegcniawfis
iawfId cSwncnunehcnwa cswbwdubIj Wsiawf iaWnOf cliawbOm ctoaiawgutwa
uriactukun cSwCcawmugwm .eveaItwgiawgnih uhwfcSwmuruk cnWlwg cmWlws
ESWrwa cSwpIj .evetoa iawgItwmiruk egEg cSwrWycawt caepIj egcniawfis
.eveSwCcawmiruk EgirEDnwb IlEb csogcneg .eveaIrea uDnwguLwa ,cnumunub
cnukwtcnuhIm egcniawfis ibit cnegiawfih urugum Itoa iawgubWsihea iLum
Wgwn uniawa iruh iawgulol ,uhwfcSwmulEb iawlWvuLuhurod egupIj .eveawfiruf
cSwrWb cSwrwv WTcawhwfih Wgiawg eguDnwguLwa cnuhImed ,enubESWlcSwbIj
cnuhImed cSwhwgwruf ctwaed cned .eveaifedwbunwk cnukwDnwg itofuLwk
clwbEk) cpircTcs ckiTcsWlcp ,uhwfcSwmulcSokcaea csogcneg iawfWfih
iawgItwmwmWrugnwh Iaim .eveaifiawvuLwa iawgutwa cSwmunwb cnukwa (IawT
wlwhwkim .evekeCcaea egurwtcawv WvuLwa cSwmuruk urwycawhWfih cnirevcSuk
Wtwaed .evekemwk Wnwm cnutog ImWvcgwaclwniawb IkwmurukcnunEb cSwkwmwk
,iawfWdcawvuLok cSwnwtwncnia cnwvcawluLok ,uhwfcSwmuvuLea cSokcaea
cSwnwdwrub egutwaed eguDnwguLwa Wfihcnutwa egWnEa iawguLokea
.eveaivudwt utugwvwyid cnegevcnWv .eveailcSokcnWv cSwrwv Whwjcaekctuled
Itoa cniruk .evenugia cnilwa cxElcf ,cnwkigen caeaOTof emutugwvea wmwh
.eveawfinef WTcauh Wtea cnegiawfih caeaWremek ukwhuluf cnehcnwa
cned .eveailWpcSok WLwa iawgISwkwrub iawfWyik ESWgnih csevwmwtwruf
csev iawgItwmEm .eveaideh Wkiv iawgISwkwrub .evencnumwkiv Iawyidcneg
Wgiawfed Iawyidcneg utugwvwyidcneg cnumwgcnih idwa .eveaideh Wkiv cSwrWb
iteCcaea urutuhiDwh cSwgWr egutWmWlwm .evencnumwLwt cnuTUb uDnwgwd
uDob wrihim .eveSwtog ELugun iaWgWlcKwa WkUlus egcniawfis .eveaivog
,OyWhIm IsWyis ,ESWncnwgiawvcaud eruhuncnuDwm ,EhiawfevcaIk Irihit WhIm
egutWzim ,Irihim Orwbcnem eg .da ,Wvog cSwaWfuaitcsia udImwh Qudubwa
cnumwLwt Iaim .eveawyidcneg cnumwvcaia cawtcswb urwviawb egumuscaej
iawgulukwk egiawf utwaWnwk .evekeaWbcnwa Ik uriawyidcneg cnumwLwt
.eveTcauhwbea cnWvwgwhWf iawfWlunukwl csevurWhim csog cnegiawSwmcnwh
cSwrwv cnutWrwfcSwd eguSumcSog egutwaed cnumuveretea EgirEDnwb idwa
.eveNcnub ESWgnih cSwrWb iawfWlWvuLwg Whwj ukwhIm cnutwaed ,cSwrWb
utwaWnwk ihej iawgWrWd egcaerWf csog uDnwguLwa cnumulWpcSokim
unukwlea .eveTcauh iawfcsogcnegiawSwm caenwt cnirit cnuLuhuDnok
Iawyidcneg cSwkwbWsih wyidcneg .eveTcauhwbea cnwncnef csevidwa
cnukwbWsih ikwv egEretea .evencnumwruk Wyinwa WLwt cSwtogim
egIdId cmIhWrcbia WvcauLua iawgumwk caerwsifoa egcniawfis ,cSwDnwguLwa
idnIm iawfWvuLwa iawgutwa ,Wvog enub Ea IdId cmIhWrcbia Ea ,cnumuviauDwa
iaWhwm WTcawk ,EnUn caeDwgclwbEk uDob Iaim ,ESEdwlcSokUd IawT clwbEk
ESWrukUd ,WnEa WmInub Eaejcaeviscawa enwgWfUn urWhim enub Eyel
cnidukibit cnegiawTcawhwfih cnerwhwa cswnehea .evenuvia uDwailenub
Wa IdId cmIhWrcbia cSokurWrukwt urwhwfcnit cSwtogim .eveairukun caemwkea
cSwncniretctwzcaia eguhIlijwm wscaWK egcnutiycawr ,enub cnehea cSwlWmid
wmwh ,cnumuyik iheCcaea cSwrWb cSwrwv Wyik Encnehim Inwdwh cnuLufEbwyit
,Wlehom ctwa Wlehomunwk idwa .evenuvia uDwainub ESWlcSokUditIt urWhim
cSwtogim .eveNcnub cnehim .evekerwbcnem Iaea .eveSWdcneg cSwCcawm WnEa
iawgIDnwdcawlum utWnwk eguDnwguLwa iawgumuruhiruh iawfednwbunwk
urEa Inugnea cnumulehomunwk .evenuverukcsWschia cnwkWtcaWkiled
cSwrwv .evemwkIhej cawturukwaim 140 egubWsih cnurukwauDob iawgutwa
Ivcswvuded Inuvehof .eveTcauh iawfeyil 140 cniawlukUn cnurukwauDob
cniawmwh WaiDis ukwrwsifoa WyikEa udIxwr Qudubwa cned .evencnuhwf
cSwCcawm cSokulWvwh iaWaWnEa cniduk iawneg uDnwguLwa cnumuvWmid
,Wrubia iawgWtea .eveaIdcnEb iawgcaeaiDog uDob IluDnwgctwa csogcneg
cnemuDnwguLwa .evebcait iawfWbcaitiawb Ikwz idwa cmisWg ,urwvcawnum
urwbcnem uLotwa .t cSwnwtea Wbcait Wtea cnikwvikwv cnuhImcswf
!edWa .eveawneg uziaWf Ilwa urwbcnem uLotwa .b iaWa udIxwr cniawsuh
.evenunef urwzcnwm wyidcnumwrukWyinwa cSwncnuhIm ibitWtea cnumulehomunwk
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?eveaOtunuhej cnebit iawgILogwDuk ukwhwvudWhik :s

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?eveaOtcaenihik InwrukwdEh utugwv iawgILogwDuk :s

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?eveaOtivulwdcawb Wdufwv cawtik egurEb :s

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.evencnunWscnia WviawfWvcawlidcaub iruhcnuncsiv .evencnIretctwzcaia
iaWaWbwtcjum cnumuvuLuhurod cniawfis cned .eveSWvwncnwv cSwaeretiLog
iawgItwmurod Ivebcait cnuLufEbcnehea .eveaivencnev cSwaeretiLog cnID
urwzcnwm WdcSwairuk cnurukIvUm cniawburodwDuk IlirEt .eveawgurEb cSwLok
,csogcneg cnegeren Wdcnia iawgEg ,uhwvud urukuh Iv 13 !edWa .eveaenef
,WdwhWvuLwg ,WdwhWkiv WvuLwaiDib iawgiawfcserwtwh ednwbunwk
Wmurif Id Ifok IdcsEb WvuscawjcSuf WvuLwacnudwa ,cned uhwfcSwmulWLwt
emcnok Wbcait cSwtogim .evemIvencned EnWvun caeLwgnwr ulWh ,cswjcaeh
?eveaOtcnwvcawruk ctWmWlwm Inwvwscawawyit ulWh cnegiawDwv csevukwLufEb
ukwrIzwved ukwhwvudcSwhia !eveSWvcawrukurukux cnwkwncnWniLur
ctWmWlwm cSokcnuscaej cSwtogwyit .eveawkwhWv wyit csevcnegiawDwv
.evekekwt cnukcaedwLwd egcsckiTemcsok wmwh Iaim .eveSWvcawrukun
Iruhim csevidwa uDnwguLwa .evenUn caeaInwvwncneg cmOfir iawgulcswa
.eveawgWyinwa WvcnegevuDob cnutogInWmcsij iaWncnutogInWscfwn
egIsWswa unUnWg iawgWsclwj wmwtwruf eguhIlijwm wscaWK egcnutiycawr
eguDnwguLwa Iruhim ,cnegiLug WkwmuvutWfwtulWyiK udem Wmuncsiv caeaWdcaWm
IrcTcsinim .eveawfWvcawlcSokinua cSokumUruhwm csevcnugcawh uDob emcnea
uhwvud wnwv 8 uhwmim cnuhIfoa csIawr ,cnegeyil cnia cscloTea cfoa
cSokitIr cSwrwv csevcniaWfIzwv Wvcaed csiTOn Iruhim uDnwguLwa
.eveaOtufWscnia ?eveaOtutwycainWscnia Iaim wmwh .eveawfWvcawlcSokikwv
ItWz Iaim wtwvun ?eveaOtIaim IkwmurukuhWlcsia ?eveaOtutwlWdwa IaWmitcjia
cnurWbcawj ,cSwkwLwvWlif Itugwv wtwvun ?eveaOtcnulWvulif caeawdwswh
iaWnUnWg Iaim InUn .eveaOtInwvcnunEb cnwvwdcawh cnehWruk cawtcawtcnwk
.eveSWvcaedevuLWdiv cnID iaWa Wbwtujum cnwkin !eveaOtctogWnub udiawvwg
cscloTea cnurWkurws iaWawlwscawm irukWyinwa iawfednwbunwk
wyit cnemWbwtujum ,wlwscawm ivcaedcsiTOn cSwmuvencned egurwTcsinim
WNcnevelebun cawtcnwk wdwfim .eveaenEhej cnwvcaed iawvwlcawb cnunwximok
cscTiawr cnwmuyih .evenwximok cscTiawr egunUmuawm Ikwnwximok wyit
cnuLufEbea WTcauh Wyikwyik iheCcaea cnumurEmim .evenUn caenwximok
cSwrwv uhwfcSwmurukcnWlws .eveaifcnegiawvwgcnih cnegiawDwvemukin cniLog
,uhwvudim wmwh 2004 cTcswgOa 23 .evemIvencned caeaWycairukux uDob
WncnuLufEbim .evekedufwv uDob eg Uy.Ia Irukulwdcawb WDnwguLwa cned
3 Iaim .eveSwaegilOdnua UdinUd Inuren cSwmukcaedwkwhWv cSokulwdcawb
uDob egurwvcnef Itwm cSwrwv Enemih cnunehcnwa 2 iaWncnunehirif
uDnwguLwa cSwdufwvim ,uhwfcSwmuruk cnWlwg cmWlws evufwrWawt .evekeMIT
cnegiawDwv iawguhirwa egcnuLufEbwyit InwvcnunEb uDnwguLwa ,Ivencned
eguDnwguLwa (....Wycairwkwz) WLufEb egIrcTcsinim cnirof ivencniaim
cSwmuaidcneg cSwairuk cSwtog WvcaedcSokWmwjurwt cSokImcswr cawtwkwhWv
.eveSwtogea Iawyid cnegihejwmwh cned .eveSwmuvcaed iawvwscawjwmwh
iawguSwr 10 iaWmwkurwbcnem eguLotwa .da eguhIlijwm wscaWK IkwDnwguLwa
uDnwguLwa cnukwjETcnwswp Itwm cSwrwv iaWmwkcaeLotwa uDob ELuairidcnuhIm
egcnemcnea IlcTOv cnuSwrcSwr caeawb .evemIvencned iawgumwk Wviawfivoh
uhwvud urukuh Iv 13 uhwmim cned .evenubil cSwDnwguLwa cTOv
cnulwkEb 5 iawgcaepIj egcniawfis Wdcnia iawgEg wlcaimwa eguDnwguLwa
cSwhwgwrufctwaed ednwbunwk csogcneg cnegeren uDnwguLwa csiawa
caepircTcs ckiTcsWlcp egurwtcawv WvuLwa iawgItwmwmWrugnwh Wlcnumwkwdwg
urutuhiDwh Wdwh cSokWnOgiduk WkivcSwrWb iawgItwmEm iaWTcawkwrub WvuLwa
Wgcnih cnumwLwt cnumwLwt Wgiawfed cnuTUb uDnwgwd idwa Wyik iheCcaea
egumuscaej cniawvuruhwb urutuhiDwh iawgItwmugwm wyidcneg .eveaideh
egcniawfis cSwDnwguLwa uhwfcSwkwDnwguria cned .eveaivcaia cawtcswb
csEdWa cSwaWnEa .eveaIdId cmIhWrcbia IvwgwhWf cnuDwa cnwkcaerwsifoa
iawgWtim cnedcnwvcsitwf .eveSwCcawm Iawyidcneg cned Idwlehom WmIvencned
iawgILogwDuk uSwrim .eveSwaiLogwDuk UdinUd Ilcsogcneg cned WfeLugcneg
.eveawfcSokudcnwb uriaiDwg 24 Inwncnuhim csevidwa cSwtogirukurwycawh
WLwt cnuSufurEb cSwtog Wvcnulcaeg cSwDnwgiSwh cnuhwfirukulwdwb cSwSwrim
cswnehea .eveten caeaidwa caeawfWdwh Whwj Wgiawg ednwbunwk .eveawdwhun
iaWncnutog InWscfwn iawgcaeaiLogwDuk cTUf8 cTUf8 Inwncnuhim
idwa .evemIvencned iawgumwk iawgWyinwa cTcnwswp 100 cnutogInWmcsij
iaWmwkEbilun itekwt wdwf ctof ,csWdurwk ,urUscnwf ,cnwlwg
Wdcnumwvcawruk cnurWkurws .evemIvencned iawgumwk Ebilun csevcaeaOyiDEr
cnIsWswa unUnWg cswnehea iaWSwmwk WvwgcnWn caemwk csevcaea
cniawfis cswnehea .eveaediawTcawhwmwd Wvuh wrwhim cnegcSokuDnwguLwa
WaIsWswa unUnWg .eveaInwLwacswruh .eveaedun wkwairukulwmwa cSwywvuhea
Inwruk cawtcnwkim cSwtogim cnegibilurWb cnukwnUnWg Inwnub .eveSwfWliK
.eveSwd caelWvuruawdiawv .eveaeverukun utwrcswk iawgILog .eveSwmwk
iawgunWmwz egiawlih .eveaeviawbuncswv evctogWvcsWh evUgwdua urwhwfcaeawb
cnwruk WnWKWf idwa cnWrwvcnef cSwtog Wrwvcnef iawgcjEacnOTcs wtwvun
.eveaeruh caeaWnWKWf wDuk iawgEretiLog iawfWTcawhwb caeTcawtcsua
caemwh cnefitIr .evehwviawbun Inwvud .evenefunol Inwncnuh iawgurukcsia
iawgumuawgim .evencnumwhea Inehejcnwruk caemwk Whiruh iaWmiaub .eveaed
Iaim Ikwtog Ehejcnebit cnurwDIl IsWyis eguhIlijwm Wdwh unUnWg
iawgumwk enWvuLwgnwrWm csevcnulWrwm eruvcSwaim .evemIvencned iawgumwk
uriaiDwg 24 .eveSwd cSwrwv caelWvuruawdiawv iawgEret ILog .evemIvencned
cniawgwa WkwhIm .evekenwt irevurib cnWmWn .eveawfWluLwt Inwncnuh
cSwrEb .evelwnwm csevcnunubcniawgwa WncnuDWg .eveaevenubun
iaWgwm enWgnih uriaEren cSwgIguhwt idwa ,cSwmurukulwdcawb Wkwtudufwvikea
csevWhim .eveawkcawd cSokctWrWxia cnuDWg csevcnwtenWLwa uLwvwyif
caeaWlcawjwm ,caehUn enWlWyik .eveawfcnegiawLugin Inwv cawtugcawh cSwDob
2 ,cniduked wDukwDuk .eveaevun caelwdcawb idwa WaWliaWa .eveaebilun
cnumuawa cswvudcnwfua egejcnwmwDuk .eveaebit egurwhwa 4 iaWrwhwa
Wrukurwswacawtih egutWzim .evenidun csevWmInudea cSwmunid caelOkcnOf
Inwdcnegim cnumwrukcTIrcT cSwtogim .eveaeruk caekwtWyinwa cawtea wlwhwk
Id cnutiycawr .eveSwkwrwbcnem egcsilijwm WdwhunUnWg egumuawg ihevid
unUnWg .eveawfcnegiawLugin Inwv Wmcniz uDob WviawfcSokulWvwh
.eveSwfWliK csevWtwycainWscnia .eveSwfWliK Wdiawvwg iaWaIsWswa
EhejcnEdibil cSwncnuhIm IsWyis EbitiawfWvoh cnutiycawr egurwvcnefim
caeaWvunWv iawguhIlijwm WdwhunUnWg .eveaebilun caegcawh csevcaea
cnuvcaedcSok ctwkcawswm WLwawdwg cnuLufEbwyit Wmwkim .eveawgcnWn
Whiruh ctoacneveruk cSwmunidibil ugcawh egcnemuDnwguLwa .evemedea
cfoa cTETcs .evemedea cSwDob cSwrwv cnuvcaedcSok caetwkcawswm
iaWkwkwtugcawh IsWswa Whiruh .eveawfWgcnih Itoa csevidwa Iscnejrwmia
.eveawfWlcSokudcnwb Wl cSwaeretuSum egWhImirev Inwv caekwtubijWv
Wdwhevud cnutwhwf ednwbunwk WlcSwlwj cseneg cnidukwDuk
cSwncnidukcnehcnwa .eveTcauhwbea iawfcSokWyinwa cnegenwgiawlutwa
itwmiruk egcnunehirif .eveTcauhwbea iawfcSok wkcaInWh cnutogIscnij
iawfWyik Ea Wfuaitcsia udImwh Qudubwa cnumwvuLwt Wfih iawgutWrwf
Wlitwmiruk cSwhIlijwm cnuLotwa .dh Irukcnwkim .eveTcauhwbea
13 cSwaegwmWm .eveaIaim IkwDwgcnim IgWluKwa egcniawfis .eveSwkwTEDiDnek
Wdwh cSokWyinwa WLwt enwgiawlutwa cnitwmugwm ukwjcauked wyid uhwvud wnwv
iawgutwa ednwbunwk .eveaeviawfcsogcneg cnegednwbunwk cSwTcSufirig
WrukWnwm unUnWg ImWvcgwaclwniawb IkwmurukurutwduDnwk cnegiawvuLwaiDib
iawgukea WywgItwmuDnwk uriawnig cnidukcnehcnwa cnegednwbunwk .evekemwk
cSwkwtWliaWa egcnuhImcsImim .eveSWruk wkcaInWh cnutogIscnij InuLugcneg
cnegcSok caetWvWGwb Inwvog cnia Iv.IT urWkurws .eveaegnEn caeaWvunWv
WLwawDnwkWyin cnulwkEbwncnwd caeawb Wrwa cSwa Iv.IT .eveSwmwkELua
Iaim .eveaebilurwbwK cSwmwk WviawfIdiawyik csevcawtctWbUgua iaWkwtcmukuh
.evekemwkWruk cSwmuvencnegurib cnutogInWscfwn cawtWliaWa egcnemuDnwguLwa
ctogenEbil cSwncnutiycawr cSwhwvwa WhIv cawtugcawh iruhiawfiTcaEfih
.eveSWvwdcawh iawgumwk ctwkcawswm egcnwainuy wyit Ikwmuvcaediawvwdcawh
cnia cnwainuy wyit cSwmuvcaediawvwdcaOh caelcawh egumwkim iLum
cawtea egEjcaWr .eveSWvcaed iawvwTcawf ctwkcawswm iawvcawrukuncswl
cawtcnwk urwhwa wnwv 1990 cniruk egIm .eveaInwdim evukWlwh caekwtWliaWa
erenun cSwtogidcaev cSwaiLogwDuk .eveSokcsOg cSwrwv IruhiawfcSok
csevcned Wmcnin ctwaIrwx iawvcaia cmukuh cnegiawbcaitiawb iawgILogwDuk
cnuhIm uLwgnwr ubIswn .eveaIbcaitiawb ukwnWmwz cawtea iawgILogwDuk
cniaeret egcnuhIm irukudcnwb iawgurubea .eveaIbit evenukWlwh iDnukis
.evebcaitwbea iawgEyinud csevurWhim cnuhIm ivogOb evcsOg iDnukis
Wvcawruk cnunwainuy wyit Itoa cnuvcaedunwyiv cnehea urwhwfim
ItwmWhit ,cnukwnwainUy ItwmWhit cnurudWhit .eveawgWjItwn egutwkcawswm
cSwDnwguLwa Ikwmwkea ItIvcaerukulwdcawb ,WDnwguLwa caedufwv egurwvcnef
csevudwbwa cnwkcaefwrwx iaWkwlwfua uDob cSwrwv Ebil
urwhwf wmwtwruf WaWliaWa ,uhwvudcaenwa wtwvun WmwdWm .evemwnWrukcnWdnwh
.eveaenWncnef cnunehcnwa .eveaeveruk udImcaua egumwk enWvulwdcawb
cnuvulwdcawbim egcnuLufEbwyit csev eruvcSwmuvulwdcawbea cswnehea
cnegevcTEacjErcg IkwDnwguLwa .eveaifiawvurukWfua cSwDobWm uDnwguLwa
cSwmOfir cseneg cawtuhWlcsia IsWyis iawgEjcaWr cSwtog iawaejcaWr
OtEdeh caeaITWp csev iawgukwturwhwa eg 1980 .evekehIm Wrukctwkcawswm
caekwtctwkcawswm cnegiLug WfItwl EgWruhuLwk cmUhcrwm iaWaincnwa
unUnWg Wdcnegim cnumwrukcnunEb urWhim Ikwrwvcswvudea .evenuveruk
wlwscawmim .everwvcswvud wyid cnumwrukuhWlcsia IsWswa
cnukwaITis uDnwguLwa csevcSwawmwh WacsIawr urwvcswvudea
WncnuhIm 42 cnuhwf idwa .evekebWvwj itIr uLwgnwr Ivcaed cnumuyidcneg
caeaITWp IsWyis iawgEjcaWr iawgumwn Ip.ID.cmea cnegiLug
wdcauh cSwmwkea IsWswa unUnWg .evemIrukctwkcawswm OtEverukIrwTcsijwr
csevidwa Inwvcnwkea iawguDnwgcswf ihevid cswnehea .eveaItEd
Of iawD cliv iawa'' iaWa ''rwmOfir wa cmEa iawa'' .eveawfiverukun
IsWyis Ikwncnwhwa'' iaWa ''IswrckomiD cvil gcnOl'' iaWa ''IswrckomiD
ubWyimWk iawgukwtcnEpcmek eguDnwguLwa Irihim ''cnUn caeairevcneL ...caehIm
.eveDob cSwrwv ubIhurwt egcnunWvuz .evekwtOTom irukcnunEb cSwmudOh
,cSokulwdwb umWzin IsWyis cSwkwmWzin wdwfim csevcnemcnea
.eveaevcnunEb cnWvctog Everuhun iawgumwkirev cSwkwkea csevudwbwa
WmIv .eveaevcnunEb cnwrukulwdwb cSwkwCcaea Wvuruawd Ikwmwkirev
eg Uy.Ia cSwncnuLufEbwyit cned .evemedea cnuvencsiv cSwkwtWtukunim
Otcaemwkcnok InEvedcSok cSwncnuhImibit iawgulwj cnemuDnwguLwa cnutWrwf
caelWvus uLwgnwr cSwrwv Iawyit ,IvuLWdiv iawgubWvwj cnumurukulWvus
utugwvim iawgEjcawr cnegiLug Wkwtumuawg cnehea egEyinud .eveSwmwk
,iaWSwmugen cSwhwvwa WhIv Iscnejrwmia cfoa cTETcs ,ctoa iawfWgcnih
cSwmunidibil cSwmurukulwmwa cSwncnutiycawr iawgukea IsWswa unUnWg
wmwhiruf cSwrwv Iaim .eveaivuLWdiv cSwmwk enWrukctwkcawswm WLwawdwg
cawtwkwhWv wnig cnuLufEbea .eveawfevuriaWhcaeaiDwg Inumin .evekemuvulwdcawb
ukeaWmwkirevuguawx cSwrwv cnubUdcnwm ed cnehcnwa .eveaivcaerukcTOn
irubea ulWyiK iaWmuncsiv egumwkim .eveaivireviawb WgiawkwhWv cSokulWvus
.eveawn caejcnin csevcSwkwtogcaea iawgEr irubea

wnwv 23 Wtwncnoa iawgILogwDuk ,urihinoh iv 2004 rwbcmeTcpes 4
,wncnoa iawgIrcTcsinim csiTcswj iawgcaetugwv egurIvwh ,uhwvud
Enemih cnuLufEbed eguhIlijwm egcnutiycawr iaWncnuLufEbed egIrcTcsinimea
.eveSwaeretulwj ItwgiawDwv cnuLufEbim .eveairukulwdcawb WDnwguLwa caemIT
IFWg csia iaWa WsUm udIaws cmwdWa IFWg Ivebcait iawgumITim
iaWa ufIfwa cnwswh urwbcnem uLotwa .t iaWa UdWLut udIxwr cniawsuh
wmwh Inuveked cSokwlcmuj .evencnuLufEb 4 im Idcniawa urwbcnem egcsIawr
WvuLwaiDib Wgiawf cseretwh iawfednwbunwk .evekekwtwkwhWvcaea
.eveawgWyinwa Ibitim ?OtcSwkWvwlcawb caelWh cnok cned ,uhwfcSwmulWLwt
Inwdwh WhImirev .eveawfiTcaEfih Inwv caekwtugcawh cawtea .evemIvencned
iaWmuaek Inwlwb cnemWncnwmit ,IvuLWdiv cnuLufEbim .eveketog enWvwdcawh
uDnwguLwa ?eveNcnwkea OtcSwLwgnwr Iruh iawfihejwmwh csEb iaWmudin
cawtWyinwaim cnutog InWmcsij iaWncnutog InWscfwn ,cnivencned
wmwtwruf .eveaenEdinun cSwLwgnwr iawk cSwLwgnwr ,ukwdnih WhWdcnumebil
urutia Wkcaenwa WkcawdwkwhWv InUncnehea .eveSWvcawrukcsia cawtcnwk
cnegiawdwh cSwkwawdWkwdWa Iait .evenUn caemunEb cSwkWlWgwn caekwtIjwnea
caemunEb cSwkWdcSwairuk cSwrutia WNcneved cSokuncaemwk ?Od caemwkWgcnih
.eveSWvwlcawb OtEvedcaeh cSwkWtirevufWscnia csiTcswj cnegiawDwv ,cnUn

wnwv 39 Wtwncnuh iawgILogwDuk ,cswvud wmOh iv 2004 rwbcmeTcpes 20
.eveSwaeg ilOdnua UdinUd .evenuren cnWvulwdcawb WkwLufEb urEb ,uhwvud
rwnwximok ITuaipiD egIswbcnea Wkiremea wncnuh iawgWkcnwl IkwLufEbim
egcniawfis .eveaWNcnwkinig ItwgiawDwv WnIm .evea ''cscmEj'' rwTcsim
,uhwfcSwmuv ufwrWawt cSokcmWlws .evezWyir Qudubwa Ivencnia cnutWrwf
wyit csiawa cSwkwa rWaef cnwkiremea ivcaEb iawgElWm IvuLWdiv
ItwgiawDwv WmIvcaed wdcauhea ,cnumudea cSwmulevulwdcawb Wncniretctwzcaia
Iawneg Ivencned uDnwguLwa .eveaivescaea OtcnukWt cnok Iawneg .eveSwmwk
iLum .eveSwmwk iawgcaetugwv eguhwf eguhwvud wnwv 13 Wdcnia iawgEg
irukcniawfis cSwncnuhIm cnehea iaWawkwhWv irukWyinwa ,IrOTcs
wkwhWv egutogiruh cawtcawtcnwk iawgulwj iaWawkwhWv egukwtWyinwa
caekwtwkwhWv Whiruh cnidiawyik cSwdufwv Uy.Ia ,edWa .evemInidiawyik
ubwbws cnidcsiTOn cniaWfIzwv .evemInidiawyik cSwacscmEj rwTcsim
eguhIlijwm wscaWK egcnutiycawr .evemInidiawyik ctogIv cawtcnwkea iaWa
Whiruhim .eveaivcaulifcnuLoa ctogIv cawtcnwk iawgWsclwj wmwtwruf
idwa .eveaivcaedurwvctih cSwrwv cSwDnwguLwa iawfWvwscawa caekwtwkwhWv
Wncnwmit cned .eveaivuLWdiv EmwnEdiawyik cawtwkwhWvim cSwrwDesebcnea
Wkiremea ,WmIhea cSokulWvus WDnwguLwa Otcaemwkcnok InEdcSok
egcmOfir Wdcnegim cnumwruk cnemuDnwguLwa cnegiawvwncnwd iawgurWkurws
IdiawvWr caetogenEveruk iawgEjcaWr ,ukeaWmwkcnwvinim cawtctwkcawswm
iawgurWkurws ihevid ,cnurWkurws Wkiremea ,cSwmunidcSokcnwvinim
cnwkea iawvcawrukcTOn cawtwkwhWvim .evemInudea cSwmunidiawvwncnwd
cTETcs egurwhwawyidim .eveaivcaed cnwkcnIgwy egumwkenWvcaedcSok
Wkiremea iaWmwkcSud uDnwguLwa cTrOpir Irwhwa egcTcnwmcTrWpiD
cnubWsihim cned .evemIvencned cswbWs cSwkwtctwkcawswm Wdcnumwruk
,iawvcaed cSwtwa uDnwguLwa Wvwgcnwn cnubIj cDWk cniTiziv egWnEa
cniawfis ,cnukwbIswn .evetwgiawDwvidea cSwmurukulwdcawb WmIvcnwvinim
WlWmcnin cnuvulwdcawbim cnubWsihim .eveairukun caelWyiK Wlutwa cDWkim
.eveaIvikwv

wnwv 41 Wtwncnia iawgILogwDuk ,cswvudwdub iv 2004 rwbcmeTcpes 22
.eveairukulwdcawb caeMIT egunwximok cscTiawr cnwmuyih ihevid ,uhwvud
,udIhwv uluDwm iaWa Wbwtujum IvebcaitcnegiawDwv .eveawgEgilOdua UdinUd
cSokurWrukwt Inuveked .evenWnudwa cmiswtuaum idwa ,caeLufEb cnehcnwa
Iruhim iaWmwkwncnWn caelwdwb wscaWK ikwv csevidwa .evekekwtwkwhWvcaea
,Wlcawjwm csUn iaWmwk iawgWCOT cnutogInWmcsij iaWncnutog InWscfwn
iLeawSuh uDnwguLwa uhwvudIruk .evemIvencned cSwmwkEbilun OyiDEr
,cnumuvencned ulWvus OtiawgcaebWsih Whik Itoa urWhim wlwscawmed
Wmuvcaehwm cSwmuvulwdcawb egIruk .eveaivuLWdiv EmwnEdiawlwb cawtcnwkea
csevcnumulWkcawdwkwhWv Wlevulwdcawb iawlWlwbulWh cnegiLug
.eveaivuLWdiv iawgumwk ItwgiawDwv iawgudImcaua egumwkenEhejwmwhctih
.eveaivcaerukulwdcawb WncnuhIm wnigcSwrwv iawgurubim

wnwv 54 Wtwncnoa iawgILogwDuk iawgulwj ,wrWgcnwa iv 2004 rwbOTckoa 5
cawtcawtcnwk egulwj wncnoa iawgcsiTcswj cfoa IrcTcsinim ,cswvud
WTcauh iawfevurIvwh cSwrwv Inuren .eveaivulwdcawb WaITemok Wlwb
Qudubwa IFWg iaWa WsUm udIaws cmwdWa Ivebcait .eveSwaegilOdnua
urwbcnem egcsIawr iaWa ufIfwa cnwswh urwbcnem .t iaWa ufIrwa
.eveNcnwkea udIaws cmwdWa IvekcaedwkwhWv udwaim .eveaIdcniawa
Inuveked .evekinwm cmihWrcbia IDEl Ivencnia cnutWrwf egcniawfis
.evedIaws cmwdWa csevIvcaerukcTOn .evekea wkwhWvcaea wmwh cSokurWrukwt
iawfWkcawdcniawf wkwhWv WviawfevwLud iawfutwaWv cnubwbws egWyinwa
cnuSufuDwb egutwaed iawfWvwkcaumcSog iawgISwkwrub .evemIvencned
egiawdwbiawm csiawa cawtcscbir ,iawgWmid ilWvuLwg WLwa iawgISwkwrub
cSwywf cnegitif urWn cniaWmidea evudwt cniaWmid Wvulwdcawb cnutWrwfed
cSwmwkWvuLWdiv csevcnurwTckoDed ivelcaeb cSwmwkInwvwLud ,evudwt
ulWh ,uhwf cSwmulWvurwaEh cSok cawtWyinwa wlwhwkim .evemIvencned
csevidwa .eveten caemunEb egumuvunof cawtumIT iawfWvcauyik EScnwvwlcawb
iaWnEv cnutogInWmcsij iaWncnutog InWscfwn iawgILogwDuk Inwncnuhim
cnukwtWyinwaim WNcnwvcaedcSok caemwk .evemIvencned cSwmwk iawgWyinwa
ufIrwa IFWg cned .eveSEdcSok ctwkcawswm wtwvun .eveSEdcSokctwmWlws
cnuhwfidWd .evemwnWlWvwncnwd csevcaeawkwhWv WvcnWdwh cnumunef
cnerwhwa ukwrwhwfed cSwmuheauDwa caeawlwscawm igcnih iawguTOkIaWnij
cSwgcniDclib csiTcswj cnuhIm Ikwhwvudcaea cniaea .evemInwv
wkcaeawh egWnEa iaWdIrwf uKiawx Iawyid cnumwgnih .evehwvudivcaea
.evemuheauDwa egcaeaWvuawd Wvcawruk cnutwluawd cSwCcawm egcnIrevukea
egcaejcaukwDuk iruhcnwvwyik iawgclUkcs WycaidIjwm urEa Itoa uhwvudedim
.evemuhea cswbikeh egcniawfis igen cnWywbea iaWmuvcaia caenWywb
evubiawjwa uDnwguLwa iawfWhwauDwa cawtwkwhWv egutWrwfedim
cSwtogim csevcnuhIm cSwkwrwv 12 ibit edwvcnwhwauDwa .eveaivcsIrwtcnwa
cnegiawlugidWhim ctwaIrwx egcaenWywb cSwdurwvcnwf Whea .eveaevugWfitcaia
cnubWsihWhim wmwnIFWg iretctwzcaia IkwDnwguLwa .eveaItWviawfcsog
WveaiawfWdOh cnutwaWjcaukea cSokctwyWair cSwCcawm egukwtikeh unugea evuLWf
cnuTOk wlwscawm WLwawDnwkWyin iawgumwk caefWrituaia clitWb IkwnWywb
WmImcnedugid cawtwlwscawm EhejunukWtcnukWt wlwhwkea .evehumIfiawlcSokurEb
.eveaIlWmcnin cnuvulwdcawb uhwfcSwkwtwkwhWvim .everWkurws InwvumWnudwb
cSokcswyirIs cSwrwv ,evunuLWdiv uLufcswb ufIrwa Qudubwa IFWg
.eveaivencnia iawgumuvcaeruk urukif

.evehwvud wnwv 55 Wtwncnoa iawgILogwDuk ,wdub iv 2004 rwbOTckoa 6
WrIfws Wkiremea Wvwncnuh iawgubuLok ,Inuren cSwrEb udwaim
egWnEa ukeaWa WnEa .eveSwTesWfOs wncnuh iawgEgilOdua .eveSwmuvulwdcawb
Ivencnia cned .eveaivencnia cnegiawDwv csevIrwTerckes cnehcnwa
cSokirehwkea Wlun uzWyir .evezWyir Qudubwa cnutWrwf egcniawfis
ufwrWawt .eveaivcaed udwaim caeLokutugwv eguTenimcaea ,ukeaWrwDesebcnea
rwTcsim .evenuvedcneg cSwyiruk cnegiawSwf cawtwkwhWv uhwfcSwmuv
cSwacscmEj rwTcsim iaWmwkivulwdcawb csevWdufwv Uy.Ia iaWa cscmEj
cSwmwkiawfIdiawyik cSokulIscfwt cSwrwv InWv caekwtwkwhWv Whiruh
cSwmwkEgea cSokufWs caekwtwkwhWv Whiruh .evemIvencned uDnwguLwa
WhIm ivencnuh cSokcsia iawgudufwv irukulwdcawb cnia Uy.Ia ,evuLWdib
.eveaivuLWdiv cSwmwkWruk ctwkcawswm cSwrwv csevcnuhImea ,iaWmwkwncnwd
Inebitim Wmwk Ebilun ,caetof enWlWyik ,OyiDEr ,Wlcawjwm csUn csevidwa
uria iDwg 24 iawgcaeaiLog wDukwDuk .eveMIvencned cSwmwk iawgWCOT 100%
,evcnWriawh cSwrwv WmIvencned iawgumwk iawfWluLwt Inebitim
csevInevelWdin cSwaWncnwmit ,EyeverukcsWschia csevcSwawncnwmit
.eveaivuLWdiv iawgumwk WmInuvelWyik iawlWlwb caeCcaea csevemcnok
csevuriaIv cswvud 55 iaWmwkEduniawscawjwmwh csevidwa csevcaerwyOl
,Inuren idwa cnwrukulWvus cSwnwtWhim .eveaeLUn csevcSwkWmcnin ugIguhwt
.evenUncaehIm iruk caeSuk IkwDnwguLwa .evehwvud 3 emcnea idwa
cmIhWrcbia rwTcsinim cnwxEmofcnia egurEa ivekcaedwkwhWv cnurWkurws
cnuhImwnig cSwrwv cSwSod egcniawfis ,iawfWvcawrukcnOf cSwmisWg ,ukinwm
,cSwmuvcaedeviretIhea cSwmulWvunuf cSwaeg cnuhImea ,Encnegevcaea IneLua
cnemuDnwguLwa cnumutwgiawDwvidea cnwvcaedcSok ctwkcawswm cnuLufEbwyit
iawgEg egWrcbia urwbcnem egElWm ,utugwvea cnurwbcnem 11
Iruk uDnwguLwa cnwkim .eveaIawyid cSwaWmidea iawfebit iawgcaemuvulwdcawb
.eveawmIvuLWdiv cmisWg cSwmwkivuLWdiv ukinwm cmIhWrcbia rwTcsinim
Iawyid Ereguhwvudea cSwnwtea csevcnurwbcnem Whiruh cnemuDnwguLwa
.evenUn caencnIrevcSuk IkwncnemuDnwguLwa .eveaeruhWbwbwsim
inwkeawmwh IkwncnemuDnwguLwa ,IneLuaim cnegevcSwSuk egcnemuDnwguLwa
.evemIvencned iawgumwkItWv cSwkwywb Wrukctwkcawswm cSwaIswrckomiD
WhImirev cSwmuawneg utwsWyis cmwTcsis ITrWp cSwaejcaWr
.evemIvencned iawgumwk IlcSwlwj ItWrukctwkcawswm cSwmudeh cSwtogWvuruawd
uDob iawgEjcaWr Iruhim uDnwguLwa .eveawfcSok utwmuhut iawgcaeaWnwhwbugod
cSwrwv WmIvencned ESwrWycawt csevcnWvurwm cSwmuawneg caeaIswrckomiD
iawguLokuhwf egurwhwaim ctoaim cSwyiruk .eveaivcaed urwvctih
cnutWrwf Wkiremea iawgubWKitcnia umcnWa ,enEhejcnwvcaWb csevumiawgwmwh
WmIvencned EkemwkEdea cnemuDnwguLwa Ikwmuawa ukwywb enEdcSokrwTinom
enEdiawscawjwmwh cnwkea cswnudea udwaim cnurWkurws ,IvuLWdiv
iawgumWzin InevcaEbun caebWKitcnia irevufWscnia iawgEretejcaWr .eveSwmwk
enWgcnih uzUfun .eveaItELua caekwtwlwscawm cnutog wncnoa iawfivEr
IdcSokihwfugwm cSwmwkea iawgumwn eg ''cscloTea'' caeaIrcTcsinim
idwa .eveMIvencned iawgumwk caetogWv ItWncnuh cnwrukctwkcawswm
egcaediawvwg ,uriaEdwdcauh cniaIsWswa unUnWg Inwvim cSwDnwguLwa
cSwywvuh eguhIlijwm WdwhunUnWg iruh cnegcSok uDnwguLwa cnuSwd
cawtcawtcnwk iawgcsilijwm .eveawfWLwacswruh Idunwyirukulwmwa
WaIsWswa unUnWg Inwrukim cnwkim .eveaegEn ukwrWhim caetogWvunWv
cnevedcneg cSwkwtWsclwj cswTcauh ukWtemcnok uDnwguLwa .eveSwfWliK
eguhIlijwm wscaWK uhwvud wnwv 12 IvuLWdiv urIfws cned .eveaenWv
cnurwbcnem Whiruh iawgWsclwj eguhwvudea iaWmwkenWncnoa caeaWsclwj
WmwdWm idwa .eveSwmwk WvcawrukudImcnua egumwk enWvwbcait cSwawmwh
wkwhWvim .eveaenWncnoa cnuvulwdcawb Wa WycairUhcmujclusIawr
egclwnwxEnrwTcnia ITcsencmea idwa .eveaivuLWdiv cSwmwkenWvwkcawd
Wtcfwh wncnwaim iaWmwkenWruk ctwrWyiz cSwaejcaWr cSwhwvwa cSwrwv caemIT
egumwk enWvulwdcawb iawgElWm ,WncnuLufEbwyit cnuhImea iawgubWsih
InwrukulUbwg uDnwguLwa idwa .eveaivuLWdiv cSwmwkWvcawruk udImcnua
.eveaivuLWdiv cseviawgumwk cSwmwkenWdcneg elWm iawgEret egcaehwvuded
cnulol eguDnwguLwa utugwvea .eveSwkwlwfua uDob cSwrwv IvurwbwKim
InUncnegibil cnulurWbcaea egWkiremea .eveaidcaEf cnef csogcnulwfua
cnumwgcnihcnwkirev cnurWb egcaekea eruscaunWmwz wlwhwkejcaWr
,iaWmwkenEvedcnegun cSwyiruk cawtuLwvwyif IhWlcsia cSwkWt Wviawfcsiawa
ukwhwvudwnig WhIv cnegiawkcawdWnwhwb InwvcnunEb cnumIjer egurWhim
cnited cnWvuz cawtulwdwb caeawb ,iaWmwk cSwmubit iawgumwkirev csevidwa
wmwh ,Itoa csevidwawmwh .eveaInwvwkcawd wkwhWv enWvwncneg ukeaWncnurIzwv
cnegiawtcSwf cSwtwsWyis egumurukcswl csevcaemwk Whiruh .eveSwtogctoa
cnurukwdwg uDwg ctogwlcaimwa iaWmumcned cnwkirev Ikwmwk Wvcawrukea
cawtuhWlcsia ivuLWdivea csIawr iawgcnUj 9 .evemIvencned iawgumwk
.eveTcauhwbea caemwk cawtea cawtea enWdivcaeruk ,wmwnuLufcnunEb cnwvwncneg
.eveawvwdcnegun cSwyiruk csevidwa caemwk csevcaea cniaea cswnehea
cSwrwv .evetwsWyis egumulWvuLoa iaWawkwhWv Iawnig eruvcSwlwmwa
elWm cned .eveaivcaedurwvctih cSwkwtctwkcawswm Wruk ,evirevurukux
cnuvulwdcawbim cnumwvcaed udImcnua egumwkenWvuncaehwl cSwmuyidcneg
csog cnulwfua .evekehwvud ivWfua cSwrwv csevIkwdwaim .eveaIlWmcnin
iawgudcnwb egILogwDuk ukwhIm wlwhwk uDnwguLwa .eveaibEf wnurwk cnuloled
iawvcaedurwvctih cSokulwdcawb ukwbUdcnwm egurwvwp rwpus Wdcnia
evoaWrwacnwdin csevErea .eveawmIvcaelWvog cSwmuren cSwyiruk IswrckomiD
.eveaejcaevcsitwf cSokineLuaevun caetogEdin ,evoa

,uhwvud wnwv 61 Wtwncnoa iawgILogwDuk ,wrWgcnwa iv 2004 rwbOTckoa 12
csWbcawa WhImuDob egunwjIrim egclwnwxEnrwTcnia ITcsencmea Iawa Wlwb
Iaim .eveSWdcneg cSwaegilOdua cnWvulwdcawb WncnuhImed Wkwnehcnwa iaWa
.evekemuvulwdcawb igcnih Wlun WkwlwkEb egcniawfis cSokirehwkea cSwrwv
cSwrwv .eveawguTesWfOs .evencnuhImcnit cnemuDnwguLwa Ibit
cSokurWrukwt .evenuvedcneg cSwyiruk cawtwkwhWv ukeaWmwkcnwvinim
csUn WLufEb cnehcnwa .evemInidiawyik caekwtwkwhWv Whiruh Wdcnumeveked
,Wlcawjwm ,csUn ,Ivencned uDnwguLwa .eveaifcSokulWvus OtEbil Wlcawjwm
Ebilun itekwt wdwf OyiDEr ,ctofwkwhWv ,csWdurwk ,urUscnwf ,cnwlwg
cSwrwv .evemInub cSwmwkwncnOn iawgILog wgWj enWrukutwrcswk .eveSwmwk
uDob cSwaejcaWr .eveairukcTOn caekwtwkwhWv Whiruh cSokulIscfwt
cSwlwj urwhwf 5 ItELua cSokctwkcawswm cSwmuawneg caeaIswrckomiD
cscDOker caeawb egIm iaWmwkIl iawgukwtutwmuhutikea cSwaiLogwDuk
uDnwgEr csevurWhim ugIguhwt iaWmwk enWncnuh cnwncnef cnITcsencmea
cned .evemIvencned csev cSwmwkWdcniawb uriawnig iawgIDog iaWSwmwkWruk
cswbcawa Otctoa caeawkwhWv wscaWK ,Itoa OtcaeawkwhWvcnok
cjesemim eguDnwguLwa .evemIvencned uDnwguLwa cnumuvcaerukulWvus
ivuLWdiv urIfws .evemedea cSwDob cSwrwv cnuvcaed cSwrIfws Wkiremea
caencnurwbcnem Whiruh cSwaWsclwj eguhwvud wnwv 12 cSwtog
uDnwguLwa uriaWdcnumwgnih Wsclwj utugwvim udwaim .eveawyidcnegun
udwaim cnurwbcnem 4 .eveSWkcawdwkwhWv WncnemcsWbcawa iawgILogwDuk Iruhim
Ilwa urwbcnem .b .eveailcSokUd csogcneg elWm cSwtogEved cSwaWsclwjim
cawtcawtcnwk cSwtog ivuLWdiv urIfws .eveaurwvcnwdEr Iawyidcneg uziaWf
.eveaivcaerukcTOn WmInudea cnunidiawvwncnwd wkwhWv Wvwred cnumuyidun
iawgumwk WvwmWh cnwkWdwhugod csev iawguhirwa urIfws cnurWkurws
cSwrwv WmItwgiawDwv cnuLufEbwyit .evemItwgcnwn iawguhirwa csWbcawa
cnumutwgiawDwviawruf wmwh ,enWvunof cSwaUdinUd cSwhwvwa enWvuLwgnwr
.eveSwkwtog wncnef cSwaWnEa InWvcawruk cawtcnwk

,uhwvud wnwv 89 Wtwncnoa iawgILogwDuk ,wrWgcnwa iv 2004 urwbcnevon 9
,cnunwximok cscTiawrcnwmuyih cscviDclOm Irukulwdcawb csevWkcaenwa
im czWn utcKuaclwa iaWmIlws itIrcnwn cKwaclwa iaWdIhwv uluDwm cKwaclwa
caea wmwh Iruh cneveked .eveawgEgilOdua Itoa cnuvulwdcawb .evencnuLufEb 3
csUn cnegiSef cniarwbOTckoa 18 ,Inuveked cSwrutia .evekekwtwkwhWv
cnuvencned Wycairukux cSwtwkcawswm egcnuLufEbwyit iaWmwkEbil Wlcawjwm
Wkcaenwa cnumulWncsiv Wlwb cSwkwtcnWywbcsUn Wvcauren .eveaejcaevugcawh
.eveawrwa cSwtih EawvWb enEveruh iawgutog egcaesIawr cSwaWbwtujum
eguhwvud wnwv 30 eguhwm wyidim ,Inwviawfibil csUnunubil cnuhwfemcnea
Inebil csUn .eveSwkwtog wlwhwkim .eveawg uhwvudwnwv 6 uhwmim csUn
egcaeaWtcfwhea ukwrwhwf Ebil cawtWlcawjwm .eveawfcSokcswl cSwrwv
iaWmwk iawgILogwDuk Inebitim csevidwa cswnehea .eveaebil Wlcawjwm
cnWluaia iawgurwbcnevon 1 cSokImcswr cnwkifiawvcaunof cSwTOk wlwscawm
EbilWyinwa iawgILogwDuk Inwncnuhim iawfWTcawhwb csev WmIvcaeruk
egIsWswa unUnWg .eveSwtogWvWyinwa cSwDwgiSwh iaWSwscfwn .eveSwtog
cswvud 21 Wtivegcnen urWrwg egurumwa ilcauk ivegcnih cnuSwd eg 144
cmwdWa IFWg csogcneg cSwTOk IaWnij iawg rwbOTckoa 30 ItWvwmwh
cnwrukcaelWvus cned ,IvcaedcSokurutia cswvud 30 ,udIaws
,cSwtogEveruk ugIguhwt cnegiawTcawhwb iawgEg cswyivcnunEb
ulIscmwt Wvcawl IFWg cswnehea .eveSwmuTcaeheb iawfcSokudnwbiawgEg
Iaim .eveawfWTcawhwb iawgILogwDuk csevidwa Iruhim uDnwguLwa iawfWvuLuk
.evemItwgcnwn iawgumwk cnwkireviLur ItWz Iaim .eveaWyinwa ufWs
cSokcnwvinim ukwywbcaea .evetogikea Inwdwh cSwncnuhImikea
ctoawlwscawm iawgcTOk .eveawgudcnwb egEg ukwywbcaenwa .eveawfWvcawlcSokUd
cSwmwkenWncnOn caetog csevcaea enETcaeheb iawgILogwDuk Wtim ukwhIm
uDnwguLwa cSwnwximok wyit cniruk ,cawtcnwkim WmIv .evemIvencned
cniruk .evemInudea cnuvcaediawvwlcawb cSwrutia egukwtcnwked WviawfWLwawSuh
csiTOn cniaWfIzwv iaWawkwhWv irukWyinwa iawguhirwa Wbwtujum
egcnutiycawr idwa .eveawfidea cnuvcaediawvwlcawb InWv cawtcnwkivcaed
cSwmulitwmiruk cnukwaWriaWd ,iawg 2004 ubWKitcnia eguhIlijwm
InWvurWhim iawfWdwh cSokiaos WmIvcaunof cTescmOf cnuscnwxckelia
csevidwa .eveawfiawvunof ideacnunidcSokudcawr cSwaeg cSwzWaefeacmOh
,cSwtogEvelWTcawv cniruk egumuvwmwh utwdcaum ItEbilun cTescmOfea cSwaeg
cnuvcaediawvwlcawb cawtcnwkea idea cnuvcaedcSokulWvwh Waeg cSwhwvwaWhIv
cawtiLog cnegiawDwv cSwaeretulwj uLokcnuLufEbim .evemedea
.eveaivescaej caerub cnitwmiruk caeaiLog Whiruh .eveaivcaelWvwlcawb
iawfWvurwa cSwa Iv.IT WmwdWm ,iawguhirwa czWn iaWmIlws iaWdIhwv
caeauyivrwTcnia cSwtogELoa ctwgIgwh wlwhwkivcaed unIdcaulWmwk Qudubwa
.evemIvencned cSwmuvcaedun

unuren cSwgIguhwt iawgEret eguhwvud 89 Ivim iawgILogwDuk !edWa
ivencnegiawDwv iawgurwvcnef egEjcaWr iaWncncnurEb cniawnig eruvcSwrwv
ihejwmwhctih cSwrwv Iaim .eveaivulwdcawb Wkwtudufwv ikeaikea
cSwncnuhIm Wrukctwkcawswm cSwaIswrckomiD .evekemwk unubilurwvctih
.evekekcaeh wdwgurwv wyidcnegevwmWh cnwkibitukwywb enEdurwvctih
.evemwvirevurukux cnuSwfcSwf cSwkwtctWrwf iawhemcneaea

egcaerwvWhik Iaea .evenubilurwbwK iruk iawgILogwDuk caelWtuLwh ukUb :s
?eveaOtcaedet

itwfcsWrub iv 2004 rwbcnevon 4 ,cnuhIm ibit iawgulwj utugwvea :j
cSwkiawrcTcsrwgcnwh Wgwnun iheCcaeaWk iawneg cSwmulcaIvwdOr uhwvud
ikea IrukcDcnWmiD cnuhIm ikea .evencnuhIm 18 cSwkwDwgctWg Iaim .eveawyid
iawkun uhwvud 6 Iawyidcnegevwmwhiruf cawtcawtcnwkunudea .eveaWkwtcnwk
InwkurWh idwa cnurudwk1 InwlcaIvwdOr ukeaWmiaubcnef .evencnegebit
Er eguhwvud IvcSwawnwvwh cnuhImegWmit iaWncnirwdibnwa .evencnurudwk1
cseneg cSwaUdinUd iawguCcnOl egcniawfis iawgIDwgWkurWh urwvcnwd
Igcnih cnwkim .eveaivukcaedwkwhWv WvcawlcnuhImea iawLwaurWb cSwmuaek
cnwkim .eveaiSefcnWk cnuhIm 5 cnegiSef cnErea .evencnegiawvWr
itekwtObWk iawgukwtiLog .eveSwkwmwk ubWyimWk cSwrwv Iawyidcnegev
.evekemulWvuLoa .evekegod uDob cniLum Iaea wkwhWvidehiaobiawk cnegiawvurof

cnehwncnef WjItwn egutwkcawswm Wvcawruk cnuLufEb ivebcait iawgurEb :s
?OtWvcawlevuLufIh

,cnutWrwf eg Ip.ID.cmea iaWtclevcnwmok iaWa Ea.csea.Uy iaWa Uy.Ia :j
cnumwvcawruk cnutogegumulWLwa cSwncnuhIm irukudcnwb iawgurukuh uLwk
cniDwa emcnea egutih ,cswbWs iaWhwbirwscawa cSwtwkcawswm Wvwdcneg
,wmwnivcauLUn cSwrwvea cnuLufEbea .eveaumwvwncnwd cnemuDnwguLwa
.eveSwtog ivcaeruk urwhwa wnwv 1990 ,IhIvcaeruk cawtcnwk cnumIjerim
iawgukwtutugwv Imcswrun cnegiawbcaitiawb iawgILogwDuk iawgulwj
iawfWvcaiacSwlwj ,cawtcmukuh uDob emcnea Whctoacnevcaia cnegiawvuLuhcTOk
caeLokcnwt Inwdim urwhwfim cswnehea .eveSwtog Wbcaitiawb iawgulwj
.eveaeveleb cSwmwk cSwtog wlwhwk WvctogcaeaWdiawvwg iaWnUnWg
cawtcawtcnwk .eveketog enWvwdcawh Inwdwhea csevidwa csevwmwncnehea
7 csevidwa .evemudeh cawtctog wlcaimwa IkumunEb egumumcnedugid
Inwvcnwkcnwvinim Edibil cniaIsWswa unUnWg cSwncnurwbcnem
.eveawfiawLwacswruh cSwywvuh ibitcnegcSok .eveawfcSokcmUruhwm
.eveten ukwhIm enWlufuaWmcniz egumwkim .eveSwtog Evedun cSwkwtWsclwj
cSwrWzWb caenehcnwa iDcnwr ,IsWswa unUnWg egWycairUhcmujihevid Iaim
Inwdwh cSwaIsWswa unUnWg .evekemwk Wruk cSwkwtog wdwf cnulWkcaiv eren
cSwkwtctWrwfwyit .eveawfWlWDnwk Inwvctwmuruh .eveketog enWdwh
cnegevurWkEb cawtctwkcawswm iruhugwa Wvcawrukwyit .evemedcswbWs
cSwairuk cSwrWb cSwrutia .evemwvurwa cnwkcnIgwy egumwkenWdun
egcnutiycawr cSokwscaWK ,csevcSwkwhIm emcnea egurukuhuLwk .eveSWvwdcneg
Iaurwx cSwncnurwbcnem eguhIlijwm wscaWK iaWncnurwbcnem eguhIlijwm
cawtWrwhWzum iawgukwtumuawg urEb .eveaenWvun cnegIdwyivcaia caemukuh
.eveSWrukurutia

caeawkwhWv egukwtctWkwrwh IhWlcsia egurwhwa wnwv 1990 :s
IkwhOf ibcnib wyidcnegevurUhcxwm urwvcswvudea ,umIawjcaevuLWdiv
?eveaOtiawbok

csWbcawa iaWmIhWrcbia csWyclia urwTcsinim cscnefiD egurEa Iaea :j
egiawjwrwduSwd cSwrwv ivcauLugcneg cnegiawvwbcait cSokcsia cmIhWrcbia
iawguSukcSuk ikea Iawnig .evekeawbudwm ctencaemclih ,caemIluawt
iawgEretuSwr ,Inwvwpcaih cnunEb egcnuhImim .evencnuhIm ibitiawfideb
ivencnuh cSokcsia iawgEret egcniawfis urEa .eveSwmurutef cnuhejunwmwh
ctwkcawswm WhOfea .everwDIl Wgcnih csOfea IkwLuf cniawsuh UdiSWk
.eveaenWvwncnuh WnEa iawgurud cnwlwb ctogWruk cawtcnwkea iawfcSokulWvwh
cSwaWnEa Q ctWm ItWv iawfevWyin urWhim uLuf cniawsuh
cSwkwtwkcawswm uDnwgiawm eguhOf ibcnib !cnImWa .eveaISWvcawlctwmuhwr
cSwkinwm cnwswh udIhwv udwmcnwhum rwTckoD Itoa iawfWdwh
iaWmukcaedurib cnutogctog ikea .evemulWhwf cniaejcaWr cSokcnWpcaurohun
eg ID.iawa.IP.cfea idwa .eveaideh Wvunof cawtcnuyil IdurWzcnia egurwm
eguhOf ibcnib .evemunidun wyidcneg cSwyiruk wlwscawm egutWnWyiK uDob
egurwhwa wnwv 1990 Igcnih cSokcsia emcnea cniaeret egukwtcnuvEr
egumuhejcnWfilwa ,igcnih iawgEretelWm iawguLokIruk eg 1991 iaWLokuhwf
cSwCcaekwtea WTcauh iawfcSokukWP itekwt wdwf clwkiawsurWk iaWkwtcnwk
eguLuh uDob Wviawfeked uKIrWt egEjcaWr .eveDwgiLuk egumunid cnulcneg
,iaWrisWn unuLuacnwrukOr cnWfilwa .eveSwtog Wvctogcaea iaWDwgcnuvEr
eguhOfibcnib WncnuhImea InwviawfIdiawyik cnegebit iawgulwj cmWsiv
idwa .eveSwmwkEdiawyik ctogIvcnwdcneg cawtcawtcnwk cSokulwdcawb WncnurwDIl
cSwmwkWrukudcnwb iawgWlwscawm egcaeaWremek ,caerwDIl eguhOfibcnib
Wvurukulwdcawb cniLog Ebit WaurisWn iaWmWsiv ,Wvunof cSwlwj iawfWdwh
udIhwv rwTckoD Igcnih caemwkWhiruh igcnih urwvcswvudea
idwa .evenudea cSwmunidenub iawgugIguhwt cSwmwkcnegiawvcaunub
rwTckoD .evenidiawvWr Idiawyik cSwncnidukedea ctog Ivcnwrukcnwkea
Wkcawd iaWnwtcnwt Wrukulwdcawb iaWdIhwv iaWtogideh cnWviheTcawr iaWdIhwv
uduh ufWs cswnehea .eveaideh IdiawvWr caemuvEr Whiruhim iaWkwtwkwhWv
iawgulob egudIhwv rwTckoD cawtcnwkea cSwrisWn iaWa cmWsiv ,ItWvcSwgod
cawtea wlwhwk wrihim .eveaInuhejcswf irekun cnwkcawdwkwhWv cSwtogWvuLwa
!edWa .eveaenWrwaWLwf ukeaWaWnIrwg Wkcaeh cnuhwf idwa caekwtctwgIgwh
.evekepUrcg egcnETWp Wyik Ea ''csOfunWy'' InuLuk ulOrim iawgurukuhuLwk
cnuhImea cSokWdIs WncnuDob .eveawvwbcait cnurwDIl egurwvikea iawguhOfim
InidiawlWb cSwhOfim ,cTes 2 cnOfwgem iawgurukuh uLwk .eveaeLug
cSwnwtcnwt ,IdcSokihwfugwm cSwncnuhImea .evencnitwmurWf egcniawfis
cnitwm egcaerwhwf urwtwhcnit .evencniawfis ,Ideh Idcseneg csogcneg
cnItwm egumuvuLWdiv egutwluawd ,cawtcnudea egcnutiycawr iawgurukuhuLwk
cnwkirevwhclus cnegedwv cnumwkwdwg cSwnwtea utugwv wyidcnumwLwawSuh
cSwncniawfis idwa .eveairukctwkcawswm cnwdcawfua cnuhejunwmwh iawlWgwn
,Igcnih iawvWr cawtcnwkim .eveacsOfim IbitcSokcsia iawgumunidWlwmwh
egumuLeawSuh cawtcnudea egcnutiycawr wyidcnumwgnih cSokcnEmihwmwh
144 egIsWswa unUnWg cSwhwvwa WhIv ,iawlWrugum ,cnuvcaea irevwhclus
egumutwgibil urWb egumuren urumwa egulwkcawrun ilcauk ,cnuSwd eg
iawgurukuhuLwk !edWa .eveSwmurukcswvwa utwsurufea .eveawgumwkitevihwd
caeLwvwyif Iaurwx idwa InUnWg iawgudem iaWncnuhIm IviretctWkwrwh
egutwlWdwa cnukwlUsuacaea ,InWvcnwvcauLwa WNcnwvcauLwa cnutwluawd
Wlek urwbcnem .ah eguhIlijwm egcnutiycawr iawgurukuhuLwk .evencnugwm
urwbcnem eg .d iaWa cmIhWrcbia csWyclia urwbcnem egElWm iaWa cmWzin
ukwywb cawtea cawtea wdwfim Wa urihWz clIaWmcsia
iawgumwkea csevIkwdImwh cnitWf rwTckoD .eveaeviawfeviretctWkwrwh
.eveketwgIgwh wncnwd cnemcnea Iaim .evekenehcnwa ivencnegiawDwvevireviawb
csevudwbwa uKIrWt .eveaenEvcaelun caeawvuLoa cSwncnutiycawr .evekekcaeh
.eveaeviawfevireviawb ukwywb cawtea csevidwa .eveaenEdikeh
.evencnukwawmwhcaea cnukwlUsuacaea InEhejcneveleb csevudemWncnemcneaim
.eveSwfWscnia InEhejcnWv ufWscnia

cliawf cfeaIDIp cSwmurukuTcnirup

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